It accomplishes this by providing intimate mixing of water and air, which results in cooling primarily by evaporating approximately 1 % of the flow for each 10. Pdf theoretical and experimental study of a crossflow induced. Jun 22, 2018 cross flow gravity distributes the water through the nozzles uniformly across the fill material. This design virtually eliminates ineffective space in the cooling layers, thus providing excellent cooling efficiency and space economy. This section provides an introduction of cooling tower designs. With air flow rate, cooling tower performance increases. Drift loss of the cooling tower is normally provided by the cooling tower manufacturer based on the process design. To learn more about cooling towers, visit the visual encyclopedia of chemical engineering. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower. Jun 26, 2018 spencer kaufman with spx cooling technologies, inc. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower by.
Gtm series counter flow closed water cooling tower buy. Cross flow cooling tower has made from cross flow induced draft technology. Tower location location of the cooling tower must follow these guidelines. Outlet air outlet air is the mixture of air and its associated water vapor leaving the tower. The volume flow rate of air and the mass flow rate of the required makeup water are to be determined. Pdf the new twodimensional mathematical model of the performance of a crossflow cooling tower is presented. If it is not available it may be assumed as for natural draft cooling tower d 0. The tower shell is a cylindrical, bottle shaped design which minimizes internal pressure drop. Jan 17, 2015 advantage of cross flow cooling tower 1. Mechanical draft towers are available in the following airflow arrangements. Performance report of induced draft cross flow cooling tower.
Larger fan size may result in greater efficiency and consequently lower power and sound level. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. Apr 07, 2017 to learn more about cooling towers, visit the visual encyclopedia of chemical engineering. Crossflow indicates that the airflow is horizontal in the filled portion of the tower while counterflow means the air. Janssen, operational and engineering director wacon international ltd. Performance analyses of counterflow closed wet cooling towers. Spencer kaufman with spx cooling technologies, inc. The exs series cooling towers are specifically designed to meet maximum performance and reliability, and minimum maintenance. Generally, every cross fluted fill could be cut to be installed in a crossflow cooling tower. Such a fill, however, would not perfectly fit the requirements. Range range is determined not by the cooling tower, but by the process it is serving. Counterflow design cooling towers usually offer a smaller footprint than crossflow towers and allow maximum thermal performance out of each plan area. The rating factor is a measure of the cooling job difficulty. Our company was started with a philosophy that a quality product and service to the customers with integrity and for the benefit of our experience of more than 30 years.
Crossflow cooling towers offer excellent, easy accessibility of all key components such as fill, drift eliminators, mechanical equipment and water distribution system. The counterflow splash fill cooling tower is the predecessor to the counterflow film fill cooling tower. Counter flow vs cross flow water cooling tower cooling. Provide and install a cross flow induced draft horizontal discharge cooling tower protec series frs, flow rates, capacities and design temperatures shall be as indicated on the drawings. Evaporation results from the difference in saturated pressure between the water films and the vapor pressure of moisture in the air passing through the fill. In cross flow induced draft cooling towers, air enters one or more vertical faces of the cooling tower and moves horizontally through the fill material. Exs series is an induced draft crossflow, film filled, frp multicell rectangular cooling tower designed for the equipment cooling, and industrial process cooling and air conditioning applications. Simulation of a crossflow cooling tower performance article pdf available in international journal of heat and mass transfer 50 may 2007 with 1,797 reads how we measure reads. Induced draft cooling tower have the ability to handle large water flow rate than forced draft cooling tower 2. The fan induces the ambient air into the tower to draft it upward. In cross flow cooling tower type, the air flow is in perpendicular direction to the water flow. Pdf simulation of a crossflow cooling tower performance. The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. The apparatus used in this study comprises a crossflow cooling tower.
In the horizontal plane, they refer to the approximate width and length of packed areas, and in the vertical plane to the height above basin kerb level. Cooling tower fundamentals spx cooling technologies. Cross flow gravity distributes the water through the nozzles uniformly across the fill material. If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself. As counter flow towers, the dry cool air is inlet through louvers on both sides of the tower from the bottom, and drawn upwards passing a large heat exchange surface of the coils section under the induced fans, against the spraying water in the opposite way, becoming hot wet air, induced draught out of the tower into the atmosphere by the fans on the top. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. Midwest cooling towers offers a wide choice of crossflow cooling tower models in the classic, proven crossflow design. Abstract this paper presents detailed methodology of a induced draft cooling tower of counter flow type in which its efficiency, effectiveness, characteristics are calculated. The air flow enters the vertical faces of the equipment and through which the water flows down by gravity to. Energy savings variable frequency drives and cooling tower. Pdf cooling tower is one of the key components of a largescale water cooled condenser based airconditioning system, whose efficiency.
The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower. Understanding the different types of cooling towers. Crossflow indicates that the airflow is horizontal in the filled portion of the tower while counterflow means the air flow is in the opposite direction of the falling water. One helpful means to that end is the water cooling tower. Important properties of water a primary consideration for the operation of the. At least 3 feet of space shall be allowed on each access door side for crossflow towers and the minimum calculated clearance on all sides of counterflow towers, based on required intake area refer to mesans. Counter flow cooling towers are fitted with an induced draught fan on the top and are directly mounted on the motor. Other factors, which we will see, must be stated along with flow rate m3hr. Warm, moist air, which is more dense than cool air, will naturally rise through the tower, while the dry, cool air from outside will fall, creating a constant cycle of air flow. Assumptions 1 steady operating conditions exist and thus mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during the entire process.
Together with the dosing pumps and the provided accessories, they are designed to guarantee the correct and efficient treatment of water flow in a cooling tower. Counter flow vs cross flow counter flow cooling tower. Advantage of cross flow cooling tower industrial cooling towers that run on water are manufactured in different designs and configuration. Cross flow cooling tower cooling towers heat exchanger. This heavyduty cooling tower designed of noncorrosive materials is energy efficient and its cross flow design offers ease of maintenance.
Customize crystal entire range and capacity of cooling towers for specific requirements. The range of cooling towers offered in the fws series is for single, double and multicell configurations. Midwest cooling towers offers a wide choice of counterflow cooling tower models in spaceefficient, counterflow design. Counterflow towers also help minimize your pump head requirements. Proven with nearly 60 years of service, the counterflow splash fill cooling tower is best suited for industrial applications where water quality is not controlled. From the results obtained, the characteristic curve of crossflow cooling towers was. The payback period on new installations can be months and typically less than 2 years on the retrofit of existing cooling towers. Cross flow closed cooling tower ytfc cross flow series cooling tower is designed to follow the development of tfw cross flow series open type cooling tower. Tower manufacturer must be a member of the cooling technology institute cti and cooling tower shall be certified as per cti std. The project deals with the performance study and analysis of induced draft cooling tower, which is one of the deciding factors used for increasing the power plant efficiency also modelling and analysis of flow using software. Counterflow towers counterflow cooling towers have upward air flow that directly opposes the downward flow of the water providing very good thermal efficiency because the coolest air contacts the coolest water in the bottom section of the tower structure.
Advantage of cross flow cooling tower linkedin slideshare. There are many investigators who have worked on cooling tower by using merkel equation and. Wacon white paper counterflow vs crossflow cooling towers 1 cross flow or counter flow cooling tower. The technical data has been taken from a mechanical draft cooling tower. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. This kind of design ensures that the tfc has advantages such, as lower gravity. Cross flow is a design in which the air flow is directed perpendicular to the water flow air flow enters one or more vertical faces of the cooling tower to meet the fill material. The air flow in either class may be crossflow or counterflow with respect to the falling water. Energy savings variable frequency drives and cooling. As a result, the speed of exhaust air is much higher than the air that enters.
Cooling towers are designed and manufactured in many sizes and configurations. The number of tower tu water flow rate gpm x rating factor. Unlike natural draft cooling towers, mechanical draft cooling towers employ fans or other mechanics to circulate air through the tower. Marley nc 8400 crossflow cooling tower more capacity. Cross flow cooling tower has made from cross flowinduced draft technology. In every application the target portion of the nozzle should be located at the correct distance above the top of the cooling tower fill to obtain maximum. Induced draft cooling tower is suitable for large cell sizes and fan sizes as compared with forced draft. Exs series is an induced draft cross flow, film filled, frp multicell rectangular cooling tower designed for the equipment cooling, and industrial process cooling and air conditioning applications. According to them, the design of cooling tower is affected by tower characteristics and different types of losses generated in cooling tower. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m 3hr through a.
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